Wednesday, 16 September 2026

The Visitor















"The Visitor" is an eerie 29-minute horror episode of the BBC television series West Country Tales, originally airing on February 22, 1982

The Visitor
by Elizabeth Elliot

From the first I loved the cottage. This was the one I wanted, and I was deaf to all suggestions that I might feel lonely here, with Andrew — my husband — away at sea one month out of every two. The whitewashed walls, uneven ceilings and thatched roof were as different as possible from the suburban home we had left. I thought I should never be tired of looking out of the windows each one framing a different fascinating view of the Cornish countryside. Beyond the cottage, less than a mile away, great Atlantic rollers hurled themselves against a rocky coastline. I had not quite lost my childhood idea that people who actually lived at the seaside were outstandingly lucky, their lives a perpetual holiday.

We are nearly a mile from the village, and our only neighbours are an elderly couple down the lane. I would be solitary here, I thought — but not lonely. And of course I would have Kelly, our three-year-old daughter, and Andy, a sedate collie who takes her responsibilities seriously. Andrew had bought her before he went away. To protect me, he said.

How good those first days were. I locked up the car in the garage, bought some stout shoes, and made up my mind to become a walker again. Most mornings I went up to the village — Kelly in her push-chair and Andy at my side. I had expected the villagers to regard us with reserve — we were foreigners from London after all — but a three-year-old is a great breaker-down of barriers. Soon they knew her name — and her teddy's name — and she would be greeted with a smile, and sometimes the offer of an apple or a lollipop in the village shop. I felt I had been quietly accepted too.

In the afternoons we went further afield, making the most of a spell of fine autumn weather. We walked through leafy woodland paths, smelling of wet moss. Kelly called them 'green tunnels'. She saw her first seagull and I shared her delight in discovering beaches almost empty of holiday makers. We picked our way among stones sea-washed to an exciting smoothness, 'popped' seaweed, and watched little crabs scuttle away under the rocks.

Towards evening, I would light a fire in my small sitting room, and with Kelly asleep upstairs and Andy gravely watching the crackling wood from her place on the hearth rug, I would sit down to write to Andrew -- a daily chronicle of small events. Writing to him was so easy, then. And always I would be looking ahead in my letters to the time when he would be home to share it all with me.

Peaceful, ordinary days. A little too peaceful, I began to think. With no adult company -- none of the friends who had said they would visit me seemed able to get away at that time — my life had shrunk to the scope and focus of three-year-old. Kelly was with me all day, for there is of course, no nursery school near us. Eventually I asked the woman down the road if she would do a bit of cleaning and baby-sitting for me. She and Kelly had taken to each other, and I could confidently leave Kelly in her charge some afternoons while I explored further afield.

One day, taking my usual way along the cliff top, I noticed a narrow track, almost overgrown with grass and gorse — a hidden path but definitely a path, and I could see that it led gently downhill. I followed its gradual descent, Andy bounding ahead. Country smells seem to make her quite young and skittish again. I could hear the reverberating boom of the breakers, and caught glimpses of the sea between the trees. In a few moments I was standing at the entrance of a little secret cove. The rocky cliffs, rearing up on each side, seemed to cut it off from the rest of the world. The waves made lace ruffles along the edge of a beach peppered with large stones. With a wonderful sense of freedom, as though I had re-entered my own childhood, I strode and ran about the beach, glorying in the great expanse of sand, the little shining pools around the rocks, and the tremendous sound of the wind and waves. I felt a child's pleasure in seeing my shadow stretch ahead of me, knife-sharp, as I followed Andy to the edge of the sea.

I felt buoyant with energy, and after a bit, wanted to climb the rocks and possess myself of the whole place. I easily clambered up, and was soon looking down on my cove --- as I thought of it — from a rocky platform. I decided to bring Andrew here as soon as he got home. I could just see him climbing up to the ledge with Kelly on his shoulders. I have always specially enjoyed the times we can share our daughter's company. I took my book from my pocket, and spent a lazy hour or so alternately reading and gazing round me. The beach was empty now, but I tried to picture the people who might have been there in the past. It was just the sort of cove that might have been used by smugglers, I thought. One could imagine the boat grating on to the shingle under cover of darkness, the laden figures making their silent way up the cliff path. Then I wondered if ships had ever been wrecked on those cruel-looking rocks. I knew this coastline was famous for wrecks. That would have been a different kind of landing — the air full of shouting and cries and the sound of splintering wood.

Perhaps my imagination became too active. I began to be aware of how isolated I was in my new-found eyrie. There was no one in sight over the whole landscape — nothing but sea and cliffs and swooping, screaming gulls. The sun had gone in, and — suddenly it seemed — the rocks took on a sombre, menacing look. I felt inexplicably uneasy, and thought longingly of my cosy sitting room. I called Andy, who had clambered up after me, put my book in my pocket, and we began making our way down to the beach again. As we set off, I thought I heard something in the wind; it sounded like a cry. I stopped and looked back. It had seemed to come from the rocks. But there was no sign of anyone there. I started off again. Then — there it was again; unmistakably the cry of a child. This time I didn't look back; I walked on as quickly as I could without breaking into a run. It must have been a gull, I told myself. Gulls can sound extraordinarily human. After all, there had been no child or in fact anyone at all in the vicinity all afternoon. But my spine was tingling with fear.

It was a relief to reach the road again, and meet a couple of fellow walkers. I was back in the world of people and familiar sights. By the time I reached my own front door, the memory of the desolate cry had faded, and I was almost ready to laugh at my fright.

As soon as I walked in, I smelt cigarette smoke. Then

I saw an unmistakable carpet bag in the sitting room, and I knew with a sinking heart that Fran had come. I was surprised — yet not surprised. We had parted on cool terms, and I had thought I might not see her again. But Fran always turns up.

She first came into my life when I was working in London at one of the big hospitals, sharing a flat with two other physiotherapists. None of us can ever remember how we first got to know her. Was she a cousin's friend, or a friend's cousin? Anyway, after that unremembered first meeting, she was always dropping in. Perhaps our stable, well-organized lives fascinated her. She would get us to talk about ourselves: 'You really did play hockey every day at school?' 'You really do clean the flat every Saturday?' It was not a friendly interest. Of her own way of life we knew very little. She seemed to have no settled occupation, but never to be out of funds. We gathered she did odd jobs from time to time including a little modelling and film extra work. She had a face to interest a photographer, with its slightly slanting eyes and secretive smile. A fascinating face, somebody called it. Another of our friends said there was something waif-like about her. He was mad about her — but none of her relationships with men seemed to last long. Whether she ended them or they did, one didn't enquire.

One Christmas time, she arrived unexpectedly with three young men in tow. One of them was Andrew, who had only met her that evening. It was love at first sight with us, and within weeks we were engaged. I rather hoped that after we were married, I should see no more of Fran. But she continued to drop in at our new home, and Andrew didn't seem to mind. He said she interested him. I used to tease him about her — I knew she just wasn't his type. Andrew is a warm, outgoing person, energetic and practical, good at every kind of sport. I share his interests, which is what makes our marriage so good.

I looked through the window and saw that Fran was in the orchard with Kelly. There was no sign of Mrs Kims. I assumed, with annoyance, that Fran had sent her home. I steeled myself to seem welcoming as I went out to join them. Kelly was clinging around her, as usual, and had no eyes for me. I suppose I have always slightly resented the way my daughter abandons me as soon as Fran appears. Fran cares nothing for children, I know. But she has quite a way with her when she sets out to please. And she certainly was sparing no pains to please Kelly. They were playing hide-and-seek as I joined them. I hung about for a few minutes, feeling almost an intruder, then suggested we should go into the cottage and have some tea.

As we strolled across the grass, Fran told me she had just come back from 'wandering around India', and thought she would come and see how I was making out in Cornwall. She seemed amused at the idea of my living in an isolated cottage. But then she has always taken a slightly mocking attitude towards me. She said she had spent part of her childhood in Cornwall. Where you live as a child, she said, with one of her odd looks, is home. It occurred to me, not for the first time, that I knew very little about her past life, though mine was an open book to her. She never spoke of any family or relatives.

When I came into the sitting room with the tea, she was already settled in my chair. Her presence — although she had gone into one of her silent moods — changed the room. Her reticence made me chatter on about the first things that came into my head. But I was not at ease. All the time I was wondering, why had she come again? What did she want?

It was obvious that, for whatever reason, Fran was here to stay for a while. She had soon made my pretty spare room her own. It was filled with her clutter, including some strange things she had brought with her from India —masks and ornaments. Although I've known her for several years, I have never felt comfortable with Fran. There is something alien about her. I wanted her out of the cottage. Yet, as always with her, I couldn't bring myself even to ask how long she was staying.

So the days went by . . . The rhythms of her life were quite different from mine. She would still be asleep when we went to the village in the mornings. Later in the day she would go wandering off on her own. I never knew where. Certainly she didn't seem to be known to the locals. At night, long after I was in bed, the melancholy haunting chords of her guitar kept me awake. I could imagine her long fingers twanging the strings as she stared into the fire, half-tranced, as I'd often seen her do.

Her attitude to Kelly was quite inconsistent. She would completely ignore the child for a couple of days, then spend hours with her, swinging her tirelessly in the garden, making daisy chains, telling her stories which stopped abruptly as soon as I appeared. It irritated me that Kelly still appeared devoted to her.

Between Fran and me there was little communication. She remained the most remote and secret person I have ever known; in my house but not of it.

One day, a disturbing thing happened: I came back from the village to find Andrew's photograph smashed to pieces on the sitting room floor. Fran was sitting in my armchair looking particularly dreamy. It must have been the wind, she said. But the windows were all shut against a sudden shower of rain. I was sure she had deliberately broken it. But why should she do such a thing?

All this time I was waiting for a letter from Andrew. Usually, his letters arrived every few days. But now, when I especially longed to hear from him, I had to wait over a week. At last, I came• down one morning to find the envelope waiting on the mat. I took it to my favourite seat in the garden to read, feeling light-hearted for the first time for days. This should give me details of his arrival next week. And once he was home I knew he would help me, tactfully but firmly, to get rid of Fran. The first part of the letter was full of allusions to our pet jokes. His letters always make me laugh. But in a moment I was trying to keep back tears. His leave had been postponed. We must now wait five weeks to see each other. Five weeks! It seemed an eternity. I felt unaccountably desolate.

For once I needed Fran. I had to pour out my disappointment to somebody. I started up to go into the house and wake her— she was sure to be still asleep at this hour. Then I saw a curtain move upstairs and saw her move away from her window. I had only caught a glimpse of her expression, but somehow I was sure my news was known to her. Was it then that I began to feel frightened?

It was a fine day of wind and glinting sunshine. After lunch, I decided to pack up a picnic for Kelly and myself and get away from the cottage for a long afternoon. A good walk, I told myself, would get rid of this bout of depression. I was in the kitchen, looking for Kelly's favourite biscuits when Fran appeared in the doorway, and for a minute stood watching me. Then she asked if I was going out. Yes, I said, getting milk out of the fridge. I did not elaborate.

THE VISITOR

After another pause, Fran said she thought she would come along with us. I opened my mouth to tell her she was not wanted, that I particularly needed to be on my own with Kelly. But that sort of remark doesn't come easily to me. I said nothing.

I filled a thermos, added another cup to the basket, and we set off, Kelly in her push-chair clutching her teddy, which she had insisted on bringing. I was fond of Teddy —he had been mine as a child, and age had given him a sort of battered leering charm — but he was a large creature, and I usually ended up having to carry him. Andy walked close to my side, between me and Fran. She did not share Kelly's affection for Fran. In fact her distrust of my visitor could have been embarrassing if I had cared about it. I had not mentioned Andrew's letter, and did not now. Nor did Fran. We were an oddly silent party.

For a while we walked along with no discussion of where we might go. Then we passed the beginning of the path I had followed on the day Fran arrived. She stopped and said she was sure she had been this way before. Didn't it lead to a cove? There was something tense about her attitude. I felt strongly against going there again — especially with Fran. It was not worth seeing, I said, and too long a climb up again with the push-chair. But she walked ahead, taking no notice. I need not have followed her, but Kelly began demanding to 'get out and walk with Fran'. I almost pushed her out, and let them go ahead, while I followed with the push-chair and picnic. My jealousy had become an obsession. I recognized, but could not control it. It seemed to me that Fran was trying to take over my child. I felt she had some sort of power over all our lives which I could not shake off.



Fran went ahead, more and more purposefully. Soon she seemed oblivious even of Kelly. I dropped further and further behind, hampered as I was. When I got to the cove, I at first could not see either of them. Then I saw Fran, a motionless figure, looking out to sea. Kelly was playing at the edge of a pool. Some instinct of danger made me leave the push-chair and hurry across the sand to her. It was not until I caught up with her that I felt she was safe again. Fran hardly seemed to notice when I called Kelly to come and look at some seaweed. For a while Kelly and I played on the edge of the ocean as though it were an ordinary afternoon. But all the time I was aware of the silent, rapt figure looking out at the waves.

At last she came towards us, holding a piece of drift-wood, which seemed to interest her. It might have come from a wreck, she said Gulls were circling, screaming, above our heads, almost drowning her words. Fran glanced up at them.

`You know,' she said, 'there's a legend that seagulls are the souls of dead children?'

`No, I didn't,' I said composedly. I knew she meant to frighten me, and was determined not to show it. But I remembered the mysterious cry I had heard before, and felt as though cold water were being poured down my spine.

I asked her if she did remember the cove.

`Oh yes,' she said. 'It's just as I remember it.'

That was all. But I was sure it was no ordinary childhood memory which had kept her tranced beside the sea.

Suddenly she swooped on Kelly and picked her up. Kelly shouted happily as Fran ran off with her towards the sea. I ran after them, pretending to join in the game; but it frightened me to see my child in her arms. The mood of the beach had quite changed since the sunny afternoon when I had discovered it. The stones and rocks now looked to me like part of a stark, primeval landscape. And I was possessed by the most primitive emotions — fear and anger. Anger had liberated me at last: I was ready to tell Fran to clear out. But while she still had Kelly I dared not speak, could only call out that it was time to climb the path again for our picnic.

At the suggestion of a picnic Kelly began struggling to get out of Fran's arms. Fran did not put her down, but changed course, and we all set out for the cliff top.

`I suppose you've heard the local story of the shipwreck and the child?' Fran said, as we climbed. Her question sounded rehearsed, as though this were another attempt to frighten me. I shook my head, looking uninterested. But Fran went on to tell me the tale whether I wanted to hear it or not.

It seemed that in the eighteen-forties the packet for America set out from Falmouth one October afternoon. Fog came down, she went off course, and was wrecked on the treacherous rocks near the coast — just as I had imagined. Among the people struggling in the water on that terrible night was a young woman who managed to reach the shore with her small girl in her arms. She had just managed to set the child down on a ledge of rock — 'It was in this very cove,' Fran said — when a strong wave swept her off her feet back into the sea. She was rescued and brought ashore unconscious. But no one heard the child crying in the foggy darkness, and when they searched the cove the next day there was no sign of the child. Presumably she had been swept off her ledge into the sea.

`The locals will tell you,' said Fran, 'she still searches.'

I was thankful to reach the cliff top; we were safe from the sea and rocks. But Fran still held Kelly. There was no pretence of politeness as I snatched her away, and jammed her into her push-chair. Our rivalry was out in the open. Kelly began to wail, but was soon satisfied with the return of her teddy — which I had been carrying -- and a biscuit. Fran sat down beside the push-chair. She had become very quiet, dangerously quiet it, seemed to me. She refused to share our picnic. I saw that she was looking at Kelly with an expression which is hard to describe, but which chilled me. Then she looked at me, and held my gaze for a long minute. It seemed that whatever was between us must explode.

She reached out and put her hand on Kelly's head. She spoke only two words:

`My child.'

Her child? What could she mean? Horrible possibilities crowded into my mind.

Fran got up, and without a further look at either of us, walked away towards the cliff edge. I called to her to come back and explain. She just walked on as though she hadn't heard. In a second I was on my feet, rushing after her, screaming out all my hatreds, all my jealous fears about Kelly, about Andrew, things which I had not allowed myself even to think . . . A line of bushes hid her briefly from my view, and when I reached the cliff edge the beach seemed deserted. Then I saw a figure at the water's edge. Even allowing for her knowledge of the cliff paths from a child, I couldn't imagine how she had got there in so short a time. Tears of rage and shock blurred my eyes for a moment. When I could see again, she had gone. I tried to think she must have swum out to sea or hidden behind a rock to frighten me; there must be a logical explanation.

I called her name, several times, my voice cracking with fear. There was no response.

I turned away, dazed and shaky. Then I stared, unable to believe my eyes: the teddy bear, zombie-like, was rolling towards the cliff edge. At the steepest part it fell over, and disappeared. I was horrified to see that Kelly was getting out of her push-chair. She began to run -- but not towards her teddy. She was running towards another part of the cliff edge, as though someone were calling her

I don't know how I got to her in time. When I did, I clung to her, feeling my knees must give way. After a few seconds, I felt strong enough to carry her, protesting, to the security of the push-chair. But as I tried to grasp it, I felt it being pulled away from me as though by a powerful gust of wind. I tried to hang on to it, but my hands were shaking and clammy, and it slipped from my hold. I saw it roll along the grass and follow the teddy bear over the edge. I stood watching its slow, dreadful descent as it was gathered into the shadowy dusk of the cliff. So Kelly might have fallen, had been meant to fall, I now believed.

A drowned child . . . A mother who still searches . . . Had Fran some unimaginable connection with them? For a moment longer I stood as though frozen. Then I began to run as though all the powers of darkness were behind me. Panic — held at bay till now — had me in its grip. As I went running and stumbling along the path, I hardly heard Kelly's wail about her lost teddy, or Andy's short, anxious barks as she ran beside me. I had only one goal in life: to be home. Home was safety. I hardly noticed my aching arms and back, or that my breath was coming in great, sobbing gasps. Home . . . home . . . the word seemed to beat in my head with the banging of my heart.

At last the familiar front door was in sight. I was inside, gasping painfully for breath as I leaned against the door. At last I could put Kelly down. She was safe, we were back in the world I knew. I allowed myself the luxury of nearly fainting.

Kelly's shout of delight made me open my eyes. Her push-chair, undamaged, was standing in the sitting room. She was just lifting her teddy out of it He also looked no more battered than usual. Over the fireplace Andrew's photograph, whole again, stood in its usual place.

As I was trying to take this in, I heard Andy give a low growl. My eyes were drawn to the mirror. I could swear that for a fraction of a second I saw Fran's reflection, a look of sadness in her eyes. A waif, as someone had said. Then she had gone.

Yes, Fran has gone. There is no sign of her carpet bag, her Indian ornaments. I don't believe I shall see her any more. The cottage is my own again.

Yet it is not the same, and never can be. My world of familiar things, predictable days has been shattered. Fear has moved into my home with me. Staring at my distraught face in the mirror, I wonder, did it happen? Is loneliness driving me out of my mind? How can I begin to explain it to Andrew? I have passed the evening writing this down. But now darkness is enclosing the cottage. I have put on every light, but the night is still ahead.

Sunday, 13 September 2026

A Short Story: Meditation in Solitude
























This was written after seeing a BBC documentary on Julian of Norwich. Although this made arguments that she herself wrote her "Revelations of Divine Love", nothing is certain, and I have kept the older idea that she dictated them to a priest, which makes for a better dynamic in the story. The historical background of Norwich, and the plague and her cell have been researched, and while the extracts from the linking poem (with more modern words) are mine, most of the words spoken by her are taken from her own writings or from the hymn "Like as a Mother God Comforteth His Children"  by Maria Louise Baum. While Maria Louise Baum didn’t originally write the text about Julian,  liturgy planners have often paired her hymn with Julian’s feast day because the theological themes match so flawlessly. Julian's famous words "All shall be well, and all manner of thing shall be well" are also placed in the story in context, not as misplaced optimism, but faith in God despite the darkness of the world.

Meditation in Solitude: A Story

There was silence outside her walls. Norwich was a city of silent, deserted markets. The plague had breached the city gates, and two-thirds of the stalls in the bustling market square sat empty. Normal commerce ground to a complete halt as buyers and sellers infected each other and died. Entire streets became vacant. Dilapidated tenements and shuttered shops fell into severe disrepair, creating a ghostly urban landscape that took generations to recover. Death stalked the city, bringing emptiness and silence.

The rain had begun before dawn, a soft patter against the wooden shutter of Julian’s cell. She lay awake, listening to it, letting the sound settle into the silence that had become her closest companion. Solitude was not emptiness to her; it was a vast interior landscape, a place where God’s whisper could be heard more clearly than any human voice.

Solitude, my sweet teacher, my dearest love
Taking apart fabric that I may falsely prove
All certainly falls apart, and a note of pain
Heard in the silence, falling like the rain
So to live without intimacy, and affection
Tears holes in you, but makes connection

By mid‑morning, Alice arrived. She was one of the few permitted to approach the outer door of the anchorhold, carrying food, news, and, on days like this, ink and parchment for the priest who served as Julian’s scribe. Julian heard the faint murmur of their voices outside, then the soft scrape of a stool being placed near the narrow window that opened into her cell.

“Mother Julian,” the priest said gently, “are you ready to continue?”

Julian drew a slow breath. She had no quill, no parchment of her own. Her hands, often weak from illness, were not suited to writing. But her mind was clear, and the visions she had received years before still burned within her like coals that refused to die. She moved closer to the window, the only opening through which she touched the world.

“Yes,” she said. “Let us begin.”

The priest dipped his quill. Julian closed her eyes.

“In the silence,” she said softly, “I heard the suffering of the world crying out. It grows louder, louder still, until it becomes a great shout.”

The quill scratched across parchment.

Julian continued, her voice steady. “We are torn by loneliness, by hunger, by cruelty. Yet in this solitude, God shows me that compassion is not a turning inward, but a reaching outward. The stranger, the poor, the forgotten, these are the reflections of ourselves.”

The suffering of the world heard crying out
Becomes louder, louder still, a great shout
Calls for hope and justice against the cruel
To feed the hungry, not with left-over gruel
But with the bread of life, clean fresh water
An ending to the famine’s endless slaughter

In the city, there were as yet no painted crosses to mark the sick; instead, terror served as the quarantine. When the plague breached a threshold, neighbours simply fled, leaving the infected house to a ghostly silence. Families barricaded themselves inside out of sheer desperation, while outside, the relentless tolling of the parish death bells became the only sign that another household had fallen.

Outside, the rain thickened. Julian felt it as a kind of liturgy, each drop a reminder of the world beyond her stone walls. She imagined the mothers who came to her window seeking comfort, the widowers who asked for prayer, the children who pressed crusts of bread into her hands as offerings. She felt their wounds as her own. She remembered the words spoken to her in her showings – “Jesus feeds us with himself, and, with the most tender courtesy, does it by means of the Blessed Sacrament, the precious food of all true life”. The prayer of our Lord echoed in her thoughts: give us today our daily bread, and the most precious bread of Jesus showed us bread made holy and blessed.

Alice returned briefly, whispering through the outer door. “The widow on King Street asks your prayers. Her son worsens.” The hidden fear was unsaid. That black spots and swellings would appear, the harbingers of the angel of death.

Julian bowed her head. “Tell her she is held in God’s mercy. And give her half my bread.”

Alice nodded and departed.

The priest waited, quill poised. Julian lifted her gaze.

“Our task,” she said, “is to mend the broken world, or die in the trying. For in that labour, we find truth, no lie, no self‑deception. Only love. Like as a mother, God comforts His children. Comfort is hope and courage for endeavour, Comfort is love, whose home abides in peace.”

Our task to mend the broken world, or die
In trying; there alone is truth found, no lie
The sacred path, not inward, seeking self
But looking to the reflections of thyself

The priest hesitated. “Mother Julian… do you truly believe all shall be well, even now?”


Julian smiled, a small, tired smile. “Yes. Not because the world is well, but because God is with us in its wounds. All shall be well, and all manner of thing shall be well, if we answer suffering with mercy and love. . For God wills that we be not carried overly low because of sorrows and temptations that befall us, for it has ever been this way before the coming of miracles. If there is anywhere on earth a lover of God who is always kept safe, I know nothing of it, for it was not shown to me. But this was shown: that in falling and rising again we are always kept in that same precious love.”

The quill moved again, capturing her words.

She remembered from years long ago the ritual of the last rites, when the priest spoke those words spoke of her departure from the world. She first stepped inside her cell, sprinkled the room with holy water by the priest, to be a living tomb.

She looked around her anchorhold, a small, stone room built against the side of the church, with three narrow windows. The door was sealed and she was there to remain until her death, each day to recite prayers, psalms, and the hours of the Virgin Mary.

When the rain finally eased, a thin beam of light slipped through a shutter, touching the stone floor like a blessing. Julian felt the warmth of it, faint but real.

The other, stranger, not forgotten alone
As when self-enlightenment takes throne
But reaching out, with pity, love, sorrow
As others may to us upon the morrow.

“Write this also,” she said. “Solitude teaches us to listen. Compassion teaches us to act. And in the union of the two, we find the path God sets before us. The courteous giver thinks nothing of all her expense and all her trouble because of the joy and delight that she feels at having pleased and comforted the one that she loves.”

The priest finished the page. Julian folded her hands, the silence returning around her like a cloak. Her stone cell was a physical reflection of an inner reality: she was enclosed in her room, just as her soul was enclosed in God's love.

She was alone, yet not alone. Enclosed, yet open to the world’s cry. And through her dictation, her voice travelled farther than her feet ever could.

Saturday, 12 September 2026

Lost Angels
























This is a reflection on paper angels. This year they will be crafted again, and that is a time for joy. But last year they were burnt under the Easter bonfire, without a word, a prayer, to acknowledge the effort gone into them. I would have like to have seen something like this.

Celebrant: We now come to the Easter bonfire, and the burning of the Christmas angels. These angels once carried our Christmas light; now, through this fire, may Christ renew that light in our hearts.

Parishioners may have invested prayers, hopes, or memories into those paper angels. Seeing them burned could feel unsettling, as if those hopes are being consumed rather than lifted. Angels are more often linked to light (candles, stars, music) than to fire. Having them burnt unseen is even worse. Using fire as their “end” is unusual in Christian symbolism. Without a word of meaning, this becomes careless of those. The angels are not just decorations; they are embodiments of prayer, care, and communal offering. Their burning becomes a symbolic desecration.

This poem reflects on last Easter when this happened, without a word, and buried within the Easter bonfire, they were silently destroyed.

Lost Angels

Paper angels are now high up in flight
On wire and wings, on chancel, nave
Each made of love, to show the light
Each such blessings showered, gave

Paper angels made with love and care
On side chapel, by the entrance door
They fly above, and blessings share
Sing silently good tidings everymore

Paper angels removed and taken down
Kept in a cupboard to Christ’s dismay
I remember Easter day with a frown
Burnt with no words, no time to pray

Paper angels burnt without a word
And only God weeps and is heard

Friday, 11 September 2026

1986 - 40 years ago - September - Part 2




 





1986 - 40 years ago - September - Part 2

September 15-21


















TWO hundred people living in the Bagot area are evacuated from their homes when nearby commercial premises are engulfed by fire. The blaze destroys the building used by a recently-established business, Smoked Starters, but no one is injured.

Vandals cause serious damage at d'Hautree School. They cut electrical and telephone cables, slash seats and curtains, break school trophies and daub graffiti on walls and blackboards.

The results of the census taken in March are made public and the revelation that the Island's population has already passed the 80,000 mark, a level which the States have said should not be reached before 1997, causes an outcry.

The Arts Centre faces severe financial pressures but its director, Mr George Ritchie, says that the struggle to provide the service that the public wants will continue. He also calls for greater States spending on the arts.

Labour MP Mr Alf Dubs visits the Island, of whose status as a tax-haven he is critical, and addresses a public meeting at the Town Hall. He tells his audience that Jersey has a "noncritical political system" and that its housing laws turn some people into "second-class citizens".

Statistics show that the number of front-seat passengers seriously injured in traffic accidents has fallen by 70 per cent since the introduction of last year's seat-belt legislation. Defence Committee president Senator John Ellis says that the news is "marvellous". Thousands watch the annual Battle of Britain air display from vantage points all over the Island. Concorde, the Red Arrows and a Tornado fighter are among the stars of the show.

September 22-28

A RECORD "high" is on the cards when a further 13 arrests for suspected drunken driving bring the figure for the year to date to over 400.

Jersey's £5 million gift to the Falkland Islands is still in 'British Government hands. Four years after the gift was made, the Falkland Islands representative at a Commonwealth Parliamentary Association meeting being held in Jersey confirms that this is so.

Ten per cent fewer airline charter seats to Jersey are sought for the 1987 tourist season. Just under 73,000 such seats are approved by the Civil Aviation authority.

Island toastmaster Robert Michieli (24), is convicted of drunken driving and failing to report an accident. He may also face a perjury prosecution because the Assistant Magistrate, Mr R. J. Short, says that he finds Michieli's evidence about a girl who he says was driving his car "palpably false".

 

Ian Botham's 25-mile walk around the 12 parish churches is hailed as a great success. The walk, on which Botham was accompanied by his wife, Kathryn, an elephant called Lola and 400 Islanders, raises money for the Leukaemia Research Fund.

Roz Forrester, whose voice for three years invited the Island to wake up on the BBC Radio Jersey early morning programme, decides to call it a day. She will, however, continue to work for the station on a freelance basis.

Islander Mr Stuart Weaving is awarded the Springbok Foundation Friendship Personality of the Year Award in South Africa.

September 29—October 5














SEALINK British Ferries suspend their operations in Jersey without warning and it is revealed that a new company — headed by Channel Island Ferries' managing director, Mr Colin Carter — will be handling all the Island's ferry links with the UK.

Highlands College is entered by vandals and thousands of pounds worth of damage is caused. A safe is forced, cash is stolen and doors and pictures are smashed.

A man is arrested shortly after an alleged assault which leaves well-known local boxer Mr Lyndon Marquer critically ill with head injuries. Mr Marquer (22), is taken to the General Hospital's intensive care unit.

 A landlord who had 11 illegal lodgers in his house at Victoria Terrace, Georgetown, is fined £3,500 by the Royal Court. George Albert Thomas tells the Court that he took in the lodgers because he was short of cash. A man who was acting as curator of his mother's affairs but allegedly forged her signature to sell Treasury stock worth £22,950 is remanded for trial by the Royal Court. Peter Gerald Marriott reserves his plea at a Police Court hearing.

A St Clement Parish Assembly votes £3,000 from the rates to improve the appearance of the St Clement Garden of Remembrance. The funds are made available because of poor public response to improve the garden.

More sheltered homes for the elderly are needed outside St Helier, according to Housing President Deputy Hendric Vandervliet. The Deputy says that elderly people from country districts should not be expected to move to town.


Thursday, 10 September 2026

Looking around Guernsey 1972 – Part 8







Looking around Guernsey 1972 – Part 8

Islands of the Bailiwick

GUERNSEY is the best centre from which to visit all the other Channel Islands, including Jersey which is a separate Bailiwick. This gives visitors the chance to enjoy several kinds of holiday during their stay, simply by taking day trips to the other islands; these are surprisingly unlike each other in character and even in scenery, so that they almost seem to be different "little countries".


 







Alderney

LYING some 20 miles from Guernsey, Alderney is the closest of the Channel Islands to England —and also to France. You can reach Alderney by plane or by hydrofoil from Guernsey; the air trip takes only about 15 minutes and there are frequent daily flights. The hydrofoil runs on certain days of the week and takes about 40 minutes, but it provides a novel and exhilarating journey as it skims over the water on its "skis".

Alderney is about 31/2 miles long by 11/2 mile wide, and has a population of 1,686 — most of whom are "settlers" from the United Kingdom. It is well off for fine bays and sandy beaches that are ideal for children, and has a friendly easy-going atmosphere.

The island enjoys the longest licensing hours in the British Isles, the bars opening from 9 a.m. right round to 1 a.m. the next morning in the summer.

During World War II, Alderney was completely evacuated and turned by the Germans into a camp for political prisoners and slave workers, but the only reminders of this unhappy time you will find now are the remains of heavy fortifications.

Politically, Alderney is the most democratic of the Channel Islands, and is headed by a President who is elected by popular vote. Otherwise, the States of Alderney is a miniature version of Guernsey's government, and enacts laws relating to local affairs.

A few years ago, the people of Alderney built their own nine-hole golf course, which is now a popular tourist attraction.

Many visitors, too, are enchanted by the little town of St. Anne's, with its cobbled streets, quaint houses, shops and welcoming bars.

Alderney has always been reckoned to be something of a naturalists' paradise. If you visit it by hydrofoil, you will see the island and bird sanctuary of Burhou as you approach; you will notice, too, the famous Casquet Rocks and lighthouse, and the Admiralty Breakwater.













Sark

THE tiny feudal state of Sark is a world of its own, and when you get off the boat at La Maseline Harbour after an hour's crossing from Guernsey, you will feel as though you have stepped back a hundred years or more. The island runs its own shipping service, incidentally, and there are boats running daily except for Sunday.

You can only get to Sark by sea, because planes, helicopters and motor-cars are banned on the island. "Taxis" are horse-drawn carriages, which will also take you on an island tour. But there are bicycles for hire, too, though you will have to climb the steep hill from harbour to village to get them. Because of the ban on cars, even the island's doctor has to do his rounds on a bicycle, and the local ambulance is drawn by a tractor.

Sark still has a feudal constitution dating back to the reign of Elizabeth I. The hereditary ruler is the Seigneur, who today is Dame Sibyl Hathaway —La Dame de Serq. The government is the Court of Chief Pleas, a feudal body that legislates on local matters. The island has no income tax, death duties, divorce or adoption laws.

The Seneschal’s court has jurisdiction over minor offences, but the tiny stone building that is Sark's prison is rather a local joke — and is supposedly haunted.

Unlike the people of Alderney, the Sarkese elected to remain on the island during the German Occupation of the Channel Islands, with the result that their way of life has changed remarkably little. More than any of the other islands, Sark has kept its original character.

Roughly about the same size as Alderney, but with a population of only 584, it has a spectacular coastline of 300ft-high cliffs. The scenery is ruggedly beautiful, and one of the most outstanding natural sights is La Coupé — a precipitous "cat-walk" that joins Sark to a piece of land known as "Little Sark".

What people really enjoy most about this feudal island is its peace. Many visitors find it astonishing to hear bird-song and the lapping of the waves so clearly because there are no cars or motor-bikes to drown the sound.














Herm

BLESSED with lovely sandy beaches and blue bays, Herm has been described as "the nearest thing to fairyland" and "a real treasure island".

The island belongs to Guernsey and lies only three miles off St. Peter Port, and is a favourite week-end playground for Guernsey people themselves. In summer, boats operate frequent services from St. Peter Port.

The present tenant, Major Peter Wood, who has leased the island from Guernsey for over 20 years now, has developed it into a popular resort attracting over 90,000 visitors a year without spoiling any of its natural beauty.

The little shopping piazza he has built just above the harbour is very charming; in the vicinity you will find a restaurant, The Mermaid Tavern, snack bar and tea garden.

Top favourite with the children is the Shell Beach, made up of fragments of hundreds of varieties of shells washed up by the Gulf Stream. Also very popular is Belvoir Bay.

Jethou

[Now private no visitors]

SMALLER and more rocky than neighbouring Herm, this 11/4-mile-round island has a rugged attraction of its own, and is particularly beautiful in spring, when the hillsides are carpeted with bluebells.

Jethou is Crown property, and there is only one house on it, which is occupied by the tenant. But there is also a small cafe and little bar for visitors. You can-walk around the island in less than an hour, and enjoy some fine views of Herm, Guernsey, and Sark.

Lihou

TINY Lihou is linked to the Guernsey mainland near L'Eree by an ancient causeway so that at certain tides you can walk over to the island. The waters here are treacherous, so you should be careful to watch the tide time-tables — otherwise you could be stranded for several hours!

The island is leased from the Crown by Lt.-Colonel Patrick Wootton who has made it the centre of an international youth project which holds summer camps there.

In conclusion...

You will have read enough here to see that the Bailiwick of Guernsey is unusual not only because it is a small self-governing community that has kept its laws and customs largely intact for centuries, but also because in this small island layers of European civilisation stretching from prehistoric times through Norman feudalism to the Napoleonic Wars and Hitler's Third Reich are still in evidence.

We hope that the "difference" we have pointed out will make your visit to Guernsey not only a relaxing holiday but a fascinating glimpse into a way of life. If you want to go more deeply into any aspect of local life the Priaulx Library (just above Candle Gardens in St. Peter Port) has an unrivalled collection of books about the Channel Islands — admission is free and visitors are welcome. Below we list some of the better-known books that are on sale in local shops.

The Bailiwick of Guernsey (revised edition) by C. P. Le Huray. Revised by J. C. T. Uttley (Hodder & Stoughton).

The Story of the Channel Islands by J. C. T. Uttley (Faber).

The Channel Islands by Wilfred D. Hooke (Robert Hale).

Introducing the Channel Islands by H. Myhil I (Faber). Dame of Sark : Autobiography by Sibyl Hathaway (Heinemann).

Guernsey's Natural History by Nigel Jee (Nigel Jee). Witchcraft & the Evil Eye in Guernsey by J. Stevens Cox (Toucan Press).

Herm: its Mysteries & Charms by Michael Marshall (Guernsey Press).

The Fief of Sark by A. H. Ewen and A. R. de Carteret (Guernsey Press).

GERMAN OCCUPATION

Islands in Danger by Alan and Mary Wood (New English Library).

The Silent War by Frank Falla (New English Library). Hitler's Fortress Islands by Carel Toms (New English Library).

One Man's War by Frank Stroobant (Frank Stroobant). Swastika Over Guernsey by Victor Coysh (Guernsey Press).

The Alderney Story by Michael Packe and Maurice Dreyfus (Guernsey Press).

Wednesday, 9 September 2026

The Loud Lament of the Disconsolate Chimera.




















Going through my old writings, and this is from the 1980s.

The Loud Lament of the Disconsolate Chimera.


"Once upon at time.. " begins the story of Babel, in the manner of all folk tales. Yet this is no simple story that unfolds before our eyes but a superb masterpiece, a symbol of human arrogance which "has exerted endless fascination over men's minds"1.

Here, too, is the Hebrew answer to Prometheus. In the Greek legend, Prometheus defies the gods to bring the knowledge of fire to man, but is punished by eternal torment. Yet his defiance of the gods has the mastery of a great act; it is the vengeance of the gods which seems so petty. Not so in the story of Babel. This is not the adventure of a single spirited man against capricious gods; this is a tale of many men who dared to challenge One God, and who sought ultimate domination. 

There is nothing heroic in their stance; it is the pose of an arrogant people concerned only with their struggle to increase power by force - a people united not by love but by a brutal self-assured conceit: "henceforward nothing they have a mind to do will be beyond their reach". The true portrait is not the heroic defiance of a man, but the power-crazed lust of the anthill; and this is certainly reflected in history, where it can be seen, time and again, that "such a forcible increase in power will lead inevitably to the ruination of society"2.

God thwarts the purposes of men by confusing their speech. But let it be seen that this is not simply a judgment on men's arrogance, but a gift of mercy. It is often forgotten that differences in language has a bright side, as well as a disadvantage in communication. It is purely by the power of this separation, by the fact that there are language barriers not easily broken, that minorities have been able to maintain their own, distinct, unique cultures. It is often when a language dies that a culture dies.3

Yet there is a deeper confusion of speech than mere language. Even if two speakers share the same language, communication is more than an exchange of words. If that were just the case, E.F. Schumacher poignantly pictures the human tragedy: "If we cannot achieve a real 'meeting of minds' with the people nearest to us in our daily lives, our existence becomes an agony and a disaster"4. Something must bridge the abyss between us, each prisoners in our own minds, and surely that something must be more than words?5

"The tower" remarks the psychologist Jung, "undoubtedly has the meaning of something steadfast and secure"6. Yet, ironically, the legendary tower of Babel, despite all its apparent solidity, had no firm foundations, for the foundations of a building are only as firm as its founders. And when men were scattered from Babel, the tower was left to the ravages of time, to be scattered to the four winds, even the foundations crumbling into the dust. 

Jung comments that the "same confusion of tongues which frustrated the Tower of Babel almost completely dominated the Christian Church in the first century, demanding desperate exertions on the part of the faithful the overcome the confusion"7. Yet even as the shadow of Babel darkened the light of the newly born Church, one of the prophets of the Church, known as the Shepherd of Hermas had a vision of the Church as a might tower.

In his vision he sees "a mighty tower whose stones fit one into the other without joints. This jointless tower (hence by its very nature of indestructible solidity) symbolizes the Church, so Hermas understands"8. And here is found the temple not made with hands, and the recovery of lost unity
which lies not in frail human hands, but in the arms of God. As the Psalmist puts it: "Thou has been a shelter for me, and a strong tower from the enemy".9

So Babel foreshadows Pentecost, where understanding is again restored to man, and that lost unity found not in the arrogance of man, but only in the love of God. Will we be mindful of the lesson of Babel, lost in the drifting desert sands? "The Word in the desert is most attacked by voices of temptation, the crying shadow in the funeral dance, the loud lament of the disconsolate chimera".10

Notes on Essay.

1. C.W. Ceram "A Picture History of Archaeology"(1958) p.183. Whether Babel actually existed as a Babylonian Ziggurat or "step-pyramid" will never be known, but certainly the greatest of these "towers" was rebuilt many times, and fell as many: "Empires rose and fell; sand drifted over the Babylonian remains, until nothing was left but the legend of this building whose pinnacles had strained towards the skies"(p.184)
2. Claus Westermann "Handbook to the Old Testament"(1980) p.28. Westermann also remarks that Babel is the "antithesis to Pentecost"(p.28)
3. See Lancelot Hogben "The Mother Tongue"(1939) for a pioneering study in comparative linguistics; cultural separation by language is well illustrated by Welsh inter alia.
4. "A Guide to the Perplexed"(1978) p.97. But consider also the problems inherent in simple communication:
- First, the speaker must know, with some precision, 0
what is the thought he wishes to convey;
- second, he must find visible (including audible) symbols - gestures, bodily movements, words, intonation etc. - which in his judgment are able to 'externalise' his 'internal' thought; this may be called 'the first translation';
- third, the listener must have a faultless reception of these visible (etc.) symbols, which means not only that he must accurately hear what is being said, knowing the language used, but also that he must accurately observe the non-verbal symbols (such as gesture and intonation) that are being employed;
- fourth, the listener must then in some way integrate the numerous symbols which he has received and turn them into thought; this may be called 'the second translation'. (p.96)
5. I am thinking here of the Holy Spirit as the true link between
people, especially in terms of the title of John V. Taylor's magnificent book "The Go-Between God".
6. "Psychological Types" Jung (1938) p.283
7. Op. Cit. p. 283f.
8. Jung's interpretation. Op, Cit. p. 283
9. Ps 56 v.4
10. "Four Quartets" (1979) T.S. Eliot:. Note the ambiguity of the line. Is the "chimera" a fabled monster or a wild fancy?

Tuesday, 8 September 2026

A New Age Creed in a Christian Setting
























A New Age Creed in a Christian Setting

I came across this Northumbrian “Declaration of Faith” the other day in a modern communion service, used in the evenings. What I find fascinating about it is that I have been looking at the modern revival of Gnosticism, which differs markedly in some ways from the ancient forms, and this could almost have been written to order.

I should note in fairness that not all of the surrounding liturgy has quite the same import, but one would have assumed a "Declaration of Faith" to have some historical underpinning as a centre,  

Declaration of Faith

Lord, I will trust You,
help me to journey beyond the familiar
and into the unknown.
Give me the faith to leave old ways
and break fresh ground with You.
Christ of the mysteries, can I trust You
to be stronger than each storm in me?
I determine amidst all uncertainty
always to trust.
I choose to live beyond regret,
and let You recreate my life.
I believe You will make a way for me
and provide for me, if only I trust You.
I will trust in the darkness and know
that my times are still in Your hand.
I will believe You for my future,
chapter by chapter, until all the story is written.

The text expresses inner transformation, personal awakening, and trust in the divine presence within uncertainty which are all themes that resonate strongly with modern Gnostic/New Age spirituality, but not with ancient Gnosticism, which was metaphysically very different. It has all the classic motifs in contemporary spiritual writing: the divine as guide, the self as traveller, the world as a landscape of inner growth.

New Age spirituality is built on my journey, my inner storms, my healing, my trust, my future, my determination and this declaration uses exactly this grammar:

“I will trust…”
“Help me to journey…”
“I determine…”
“I choose…”
“I believe You will make a way for me…”

This is self‑assertion of inner‑journey spirituality.

The striking thing about the Northumbria Declaration is how closely it resembles the tone and grammar of modern Gnostic spirituality, especially the kind Elaine Pagels analyses in The Gnostic Gospels and later work. This is not the ancient, mythic Gnosticism (with aeons, emanations, and cosmological dualism) but the contemporary, psychological form that treats Christ primarily as a revealer of inner mystery, a guide into the self, and a companion in the existential storms of the inner life.

When the Declaration speaks of “Christ of the Mysteries”, it uses exactly the kind of title modern Gnostic groups favour: a Christ who is hidden, interior, symbolic, and transformative, rather than the historical, incarnate, crucified, risen Lord of the creeds.

Pagels would immediately recognise this as belonging to the same family of ideas she describes when she writes about the inner spark, the hidden Christ, and the journey into the self.

Modern Gnostic declarations from groups such as the Ecclesia Gnostica, the Apostolic Johannite Church, and Sophian Gnostic Christianity often sound uncannily similar. They speak of Christ as the revealer of the hidden light, the guide through inner storms, the presence in the darkness, and the one who awakens transformation within. Their language is typically individualistic, introspective, and poetic, emphasising personal trust, inner healing, and existential journeying.

The reason for this resemblance is structural. Modern Gnostic spirituality is built on inner‑journey grammar: “I seek,” “I trust,” “I awaken,” “I journey,” “I open myself to the Mystery.” The Northumbria Declaration uses exactly the same grammar. It is entirely first‑person singular, entirely introspective, and entirely focused on the inner storms, inner darkness, inner healing, and inner transformation of the individual.

It contains no incarnation, no cross, no resurrection, no ascension, no Spirit, no Church, no kingdom, and no salvation history. In other words, it contains none of the elements that anchor Christianity in the apostolic proclamation. Instead, it frames Christ as a mystical companion who helps the individual navigate their inner landscape. This is why Pagels would say it fits modern Gnostic Christianity: Christ as guide into the inner mystery, not Christ as Lord of salvation history.

By contrast, the Apostles’ Creed is objective, historical, communal, and Christocentric. It is not psychological, not introspective, not poetic, and not focused on the inner life. It is a proclamation of what God has done in Christ, not a description of how I feel or how I journey. The Northumbria Declaration is almost the opposite: it is a description of my inner experience, not a proclamation of God’s saving action.

This is why it can “pass” in a New Age or modern Gnostic setting without anyone noticing it is Christian. It is not that the Declaration is heretical; it is that it is theologically porous, capable of being absorbed into multiple spiritual frameworks because it lacks the distinctive markers of apostolic Christianity.

In fact the Northumbria Declaration fits comfortably alongside the Gospel of Thomas in terms of tone, grammar, and spiritual posture. Both are inward, mystical, and experiential. Both treat Christ as revealer rather than redeemer. Both frame the spiritual life as an inner journey rather than a response to salvation history.

The Northumbria Declaration and the Gospel of Thomas share the same inner‑journey spiritual grammar: both treat the spiritual life as an inward pilgrimage rather than a response to salvation history, and both frame Christ as a revealer of mystery with Northumbria’s “Christ of the Mysteries” fitting closely with Thomas’s “secret sayings” that unveil hidden truth, a theme explored further in modern Gnostic spirituality.

Modern Vineyard and Bethel songs share the same experiential, inward, self‑journey grammar that defines both the Northumbria Declaration and the Gospel of Thomas. Their lyrical centre of gravity is not the historical events of the gospel of incarnation, cross, resurrection, ascension, kingdom, but the inner landscape of the worshipper: storms, darkness, longing, trust, surrender, fear, doubt, and personal transformation. The worshipper’s inner world becomes the primary arena of spiritual encounter.

This is why so many Vineyard and Bethel songs revolve around “my heart,” “my fear,” “my storm,” “my breakthrough,” “my surrender,” “my journey,” “my trust,” “my healing,” and “my encounter.” The Northumbria Declaration speaks in exactly the same register: “storms in me,” “journey beyond the familiar,” “trust in the darkness,” “recreate my life,” “I choose to live beyond fear.” This is not creedal Christianity; it is experiential mysticism, and that is precisely why it resonates so strongly with Vineyard / Bethel worship culture.

For example, “Goodness of God” shares the same inner‑journey grammar that defines the Northumbria Declaration and the Gospel of Thomas. The song’s centre of gravity is the inner landscape of the worshipper, the heart, the emotions, the storms, the surrender, the lifelong personal experience of God’s presence. It is not creedal, not historical, not doctrinal; it is experiential testimony.

Ultimately, the linguistic shift from creedal proclamation to experiential inwardness reveals a profound transformation in how contemporary believers conceptualize worship. By replacing the concrete, historical markers of salvation history (the incarnation, cross, and resurrection) with a porous vocabulary of inner storms and personal breakthroughs, modern charismatic worship distances itself from its apostolic anchors.

Whether in a Northumbrian liturgy or a Bethel anthem, this therapeutic grammar subtly reimagines Christ not as the cosmic Redeemer acting in history, but as an interior guide navigating the individual soul. Consequently, contemporary worship risks trading a robust, communal witness for a privatized mysticism, proving that when the way a church prays and sings loses its grounding in what it actually believes, Christian worship easily dissolves into the fluid structures of modern Gnostic spirituality.